The India-Bangladesh border has once again become a focal point of international concern as tensions simmer following political upheavals in Bangladesh and allegations of unauthorized border activities. On Monday, January 13, 2025, India summoned Bangladesh’s Deputy High Commissioner, Md. Nural Islam, over escalating issues at the shared border. This development comes a day after Bangladesh’s interim government expressed “deep concern” over border incidents that have raised eyebrows in diplomatic circles.

Backdrop of the Issue: The Fall of Sheikh Hasina’s Government

The situation at the India-Bangladesh border began to deteriorate following the fall of Sheikh Hasina’s government on August 5, 2024. The political void and unrest in Bangladesh have resulted in a surge of cross-border incidents. Reports have indicated attempts by members of the former ruling Awami League and Bangladeshi citizens to cross into Indian territories, allegedly fleeing political persecution or unrest at home.

The discovery of Awami League leader Ishfaq Ali Khan Panna’s body in Meghalaya in late August 2024 further stoked tensions. Found near the Indo-Bangladesh border, his death has been widely speculated to result from political rivalries. This incident not only highlighted the ongoing turbulence within Bangladesh but also emphasized the fragile nature of India-Bangladesh relations during such times.

Bangladesh’s interim administration, under the leadership of Foreign Secretary Md. Jashim Uddin, voiced strong objections to India’s recent actions along the border. In a meeting with Indian High Commissioner Pranay Verma, Uddin alleged that India had begun erecting fences in at least five locations along the shared border without prior consultation.

Jehangir Alam Chowdhury, the Adviser on Home Affairs in the interim government, echoed these concerns in a press briefing. He emphasized the lack of communication and transparency, stating that such construction projects on disputed or sensitive areas could exacerbate tensions between the two nations. Chowdhury revealed that Dhaka had summoned the Indian envoy to seek clarifications and ensure future activities respect bilateral agreements.

India Bangladesh Border Relations

India has maintained that its activities along the Indo-Bangladesh border are in line with its commitment to national security. The region has long been prone to issues such as illegal immigration, smuggling, and insurgent activities. The political instability in Bangladesh has only heightened New Delhi’s concerns, prompting proactive measures to safeguard its borders.

Indian officials argue that constructing border fences is a necessary step to manage cross-border movement and ensure stability in bordering states such as West Bengal, Assam, and Meghalaya. However, Dhaka views these measures as unilateral and potentially provocative, leading to heightened diplomatic exchanges.

The Indo-Bangladesh border, stretching over 4,096 kilometers, is one of the longest international borders in the world. Despite a history of friendly ties, the border has often been a source of friction. Key issues include illegal migration, border killings, and disputes over river-sharing agreements.

The fall of Sheikh Hasina’s government—a key ally of India—has introduced new complexities. Her tenure was marked by robust bilateral cooperation, particularly in areas of counter-terrorism and trade. However, the current political uncertainty in Dhaka has put a strain on these ties, with both nations struggling to navigate the evolving dynamics.

Border tensions have a profound impact on local communities living along the Indo-Bangladesh border. Farmers, traders, and daily-wage workers often find themselves entangled in the fallout of diplomatic disagreements. Increased border fencing and heightened security measures disrupt livelihoods, while cross-border violence instills fear among residents.

Reports of Awami League members fleeing into India have also led to concerns about potential refugee crises. Indian authorities are wary of the socio-political implications of sheltering individuals linked to Bangladesh’s political landscape, further complicating the situation.

Diplomatic Efforts between India-Bangladesh

Both nations have emphasized the need for dialogue to address the ongoing border issues. The meeting between Bangladesh’s Foreign Secretary and India’s High Commissioner is a step in this direction. However, resolving the matter will require a balanced approach that respects the sovereignty of both nations while addressing security and humanitarian concerns.

India and Bangladesh share a rich history of cultural and economic ties. Despite the current tensions, there remains a strong foundation for collaboration. Mutual interests in areas such as trade, energy cooperation, and regional stability could serve as catalysts for rebuilding trust.

The India-Bangladesh border tensions underscore the fragile nature of bilateral relations in the face of political upheaval. As both nations navigate this challenging period, it is imperative to prioritize diplomacy and constructive dialogue. A resolution to the border issues will not only enhance security but also reinforce the longstanding partnership between the two neighbors.